The history of the United States is a story of independence, expansion, conflict and transformation. From its early Indigenous civilizations and European colonisation to the establishment of a modern democratic republic, the country has undergone significant political, economic and social changes.
The Early Years and Independence
Long before European settlers arrived, Indigenous peoples lived across North America, developing diverse cultures, communities and systems of governance. European colonisation expanded from the 16th century onward, and thirteen British colonies eventually emerged along the Atlantic coast.
Growing disputes over taxation, political representation and British authority led the colonies to declare independence on July 4, 1776. Following the American Revolutionary War, Britain recognised the United States as an independent nation in 1783.
The Constitution and Expansion
In 1787, American leaders drafted the US Constitution, establishing the framework of the federal government. George Washington became the country’s first president in 1789. During the 19th century, the United States expanded westward, a process that brought economic growth but also involved the forced displacement of Indigenous peoples and the expansion of slavery.
The Civil War and the End of Slavery
Slavery became one of the most divisive issues in American society. The Civil War broke out in 1861 between the Union and the Confederacy. The Union victory in 1865 preserved the country and led to the abolition of slavery through the 13th Amendment. However, racial discrimination and inequality continued long after the war.
Industrial Growth and World Wars
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, industrialisation transformed the American economy. The country became a major industrial power, attracting millions of immigrants. After participating in both World War I and World War II, the United States emerged from the Second World War in 1945 as one of the world’s leading economic and military powers.
Global stock markets remained mixed today as investors weighed fresh U.S. inflation data, corporate earnings reports, and the ongoing economic uncertainty in China and Europe. The U.S. stock market opened slightly higher on Monday morning, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising 0.4%, the S&P 500 climbing 0.3%, and the Nasdaq Composite gaining 0.5% in early trading. Investors responded positively to June's U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) report, which showed inflation cooling slightly to an annual rate of 3.0%, down from 3.3% in May."Markets are optimistic that the Federal Reserve may pause or even cut interest rates by the fall," said Lisa Raymond, chief analyst at Morgan & Co. "But it's still a wait-and-see situation, especially with more earnings coming this week."  Wall Street Opens Higher Dow +0.4%, S&P 500 +0.3%, Nasdaq +0.5% on Monday morning. Boosted by June CPI showing inflation cooled to 3.0% (down from 3.3%). Hopes rise for potential Fed rate cut or pause by fall. The U.S. stock market opened slightly higher on Monday morning, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising 0.4%, the S&P 500 climbing 0.3%, and the Nasdaq Composite gaining 0.5% in early trading. Investors responded positively to June's U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) report, which showed inflation cooling slightly to an annual rate of 3.0%, down from 3.3% in May. "Markets are optimistic that the Federal Reserve may pause or even cut interest rates by the fall," said Lisa Raymond, chief analyst at Morgan & Co. "But it's still a wait-and-see situation, especially with more earnings coming this week."  Tech Leads the Way Technology stocks led the gains in the U.S., with Apple (AAPL) up 1.8% and Nvidia (NVDA) jumping 2.4%, as demand for AI and semiconductors remains strong. Tesla (TSLA) also rebounded, rising 3.1% after announcing better-than-expected Q2 vehicle deliveries. Global stock markets showed a mixed performance as investors weighed persistent inflation concerns against a wave of corporate earnings reports. While strong results from major tech companies helped lift some indexes, uncertainty surrounding central bank policies and the future path of interest rates kept others in check. In the U.S.,  Europe Struggles on Growth Concerns  Meanwhile, European markets showed little movement, with the FTSE 100 in London flat and Germanyâs DAX down 0.2%. Investors remain concerned about weak industrial output and rising energy costs across the Eurozone.âThe European economy is showing signs of fatigue,â said Carla Dupont, economist at BNP Paribas. âHigh borrowing costs and geopolitical tensions are dragging down business activity.âGlobal stock markets showed a mixed performance as investors weighed persistent inflation concerns against a wave of corporate earnings reports. While strong results from major tech companies helped lift some indexes, uncertainty surrounding central bank policies and the future path of interest rates kept others in check. In the U.S., Market Performance Summary Table Region Index/Company Movement (%) Key Driver USA Dow Jones +0.4% Positive CPI report (3.0% inflation)  S&P 500 +0.3% Rate cut optimism  Nasdaq +0.5% Tech stock gains  Apple (AAPL) +1.8% Strong AI demand  Nvidia (NVDA) +2.4% Semiconductor growth  Tesla (TSLA) +3.1% Strong Q2 deliveries Europe FTSE 100 (UK) 0.0% Flat due to economic uncertainty  DAX (Germany) -0.2% Weak industrial output, high energy costs Asia Nikkei 225 (Japan) +0.6% Strong export performance  Shanghai Composite -1.2% Property sector risks, low consumer spending  Asia Mixed as Chinese Markets Slump  In Asia, markets showed mixed results. Japanâs Nikkei 225 gained 0.6%, supported by strong export data. However, Chinese markets fell sharply, with the Shanghai Composite down 1.2%, as fears about the countryâs property sector and sluggish consumer spending persisted. Gains in consumer and tech sectors pushed markets higher, but weaker-than-expected bank earnings and inflation-related jitters limited broader momentum. European markets edged lower as traders grew cautious about global trade tensions and slowing growth indicators, while Asian markets saw mixed results, with Hong Kong posting modest gains and Tokyo slipping slightly. Overall, market sentiment remains cautious as investors await further economic data and guidance from central banks.  Looking Ahead  Investors are now turning their focus to key corporate earnings this week from major banks like JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, and Citigroup, as well as tech giants like Netflix and Microsoft. The results are expected to provide a clearer picture of business resilience amid high interest rates and uncertain global demand. Overall, market sentiment remains cautious as investors await further economic data and guidance from central banks.
The U.S. Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling on Monday, declaring that former presidents are entitled to partial immunity from criminal prosecution for actions taken while in office. The 6-3 decision, split along ideological lines, has triggered intense political and legal debate across the country.The ruling stems from charges brought against former President Donald Trump, who has faced multiple indictments related to alleged interference in the 2020 presidential election and events surrounding the January 6 Capitol riot. The Courtâs decision now makes it more difficult for prosecutors to pursue charges for actions deemed as part of a president's official duties.   Divided Reactions  President Joe Biden responded to the ruling by calling it a âdangerous precedentâ that could place future presidents above the law. âNo one in America should be beyond accountability,â he said during a press conference.Republican leaders, however, welcomed the decision. House Speaker Steve Scalise stated, âThis ruling upholds the constitutional separation of powers and protects the office of the presidency from political attacks.âThe recent Supreme Court ruling on presidential immunity has ignited intense debate across the United States, with sharp divisions emerging among legal experts, lawmakers, and the public. The decision, which sets new boundaries on the legal protections afforded to sitting presidents, has far-reaching implications for the balance of power and accountability in government. Supporters argue that the ruling upholds the integrity of the executive office by protecting it from politically motivated prosecutions, while critics warn that it could open the door to unchecked presidential authority.  What the Ruling Means  The Court ruled that while presidents do not have absolute immunity, they are shielded from criminal prosecution for actions that are âwithin the outer perimeter of official presidential responsibilities.â However, personal or unofficial actions remain subject to prosecution.Legal experts say the ruling could delay several of Trumpâs ongoing legal cases, potentially impacting the 2024 election season, where Trump remains the leading Republican contender. As protests, press conferences, and panel discussions erupt nationwide, the ruling is expected to influence upcoming elections and reshape the legal landscape surrounding executive power for years to come.  Public Response  The recent Supreme Court ruling on presidential immunity has ignited intense debate across the United States, with sharp divisions emerging among legal experts, lawmakers, and the public. The decision, which sets new boundaries on the legal protections afforded to sitting presidents, has far-reaching implications for the balance of power and accountability in government. Supporters argue that the ruling upholds the integrity of the executive office by protecting it from politically motivated prosecutions, while critics warn that it could open the door to unchecked presidential authority. As protests, press conferences, and panel discussions erupt nationwide, the ruling is expected to influence upcoming elections and reshape the legal landscape surrounding executive power for years to come.
The United States has long been known as a nation of immigrants and diversity. Over the last century, significant demographic changes have occurred due to immigration patterns, birth rates, cultural shifts, and changing social values. This report outlines how the racial, regional, religious, and national origin composition of the U.S. population has evolved â and where itâs heading. Â Table 1: U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity (1960â2024) Year White (Non-Hispanic) Black Hispanic/Latino Asian Native American Multiracial Other 1960 85% 10.5% 3.5% 0.5% 0.3% â 0.2% 1980 80% 11.5% 6.4% 1.5% 0.6% â 0.3% 2000 69% 12.3% 12.5% 3.6% 0.9% 2.4% 0.3% 2020 59.3% 13.4% 18.5% 5.9% 1.3% 2.8% 0.1% 2024* 57.1% 13.2% 19.1% 6.5% 1.4% 3.1% 0.2% Â Over the last six decades, the regional distribution of the U.S. population has undergone a substantial transformation. Economic shifts, climate preferences, and immigration patterns have contributed to the steady rise of the South and West as the primary hubs of growth, while the Northeast and Midwest have seen their shares of the national population gradually decline. Â The United States Census Bureau divides the country into four main regions: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Over the past several decades, regional population distribution has shifted significantly due to migration trends, job availability, climate preferences, and immigration. Â Table 2: Regional Population Distribution (by U.S. Census Regions) Â Region 1960 1980 2000 2020 2024 (Est.) Northeast 25% 22% 19% 17% 16.5% Midwest 29% 27% 23% 20% 19.7% South 31% 34% 36% 38% 39.2% West 15% 17% 22% 25% 24.6% Â Key Takeaway: The South and West have seen consistent growth due to warmer climates, job markets, and immigration hubs (e.g., Texas, Florida, California). Â The religious landscape of the United States has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past 70 years. While the country once identified overwhelmingly as Christian â particularly Protestant â more Americans today are choosing no religious affiliation, a trend that reflects shifting cultural norms, generational change, and growing diversity. Â Demography by religion Religion 1950 1980 2000 2020 2024 (Est.) Protestant 69% 56% 51% 40% 39% Catholic 25% 27% 24% 21% 20% Jewish 3% 2.5% 2% 1.8% 1.8% Muslim <0.1% 0.5% 1% 1.3% 1.5% Hindu/Buddhist <0.1% 0.5% 1.5% 2% 2.2% Unaffiliated 2% 7% 15% 27% 29% Â Key Shift: The rise of the ânonesâ (religiously unaffiliated) is among the most dramatic religious shifts in recent history. Â Immigration has always been a cornerstone of the American story. But over the past 60 years, the origins of the U.S. foreign-born population have changed dramatically â shifting from a Europe-dominated pattern to one led by Latin America, Asia, and more recently, Africa. These demographic transformations reflect both global trends and U.S. immigration policy reforms. Â Summary Insights Racial Diversity Growing Rapidly: Non-Hispanic Whites are no longer a supermajority. By 2045, the U.S. is projected to be âminority-majority.â Regional Power Shift: The South and West are economic and population growth engines. Religious Landscape is Secularizing: Protestants and Catholics are declining; the religiously unaffiliated are growing fastest. Immigration Patterns Have Shifted: From European-dominated to Latin American and Asian-majority since 1965âs Immigration and Nationality Act.
Iran and Israel traded further air attacks on Thursday as President Donald Trump kept the world guessing about whether the United States would join Israel's bombardment of Iranian nuclear facilities. Google News LinkFor all latest news, follow The Daily Star's Google News channel. A week of Israeli air and missile strikes against its major rival has wiped out the top echelon of Iran's military command, damaged its nuclear capabilities and killed hundreds of people, while Iranian retaliatory strikes have killed two dozen civilians in Israel. Iran and Israel traded further air attacks on Thursday as President Donald Trump kept the world guessing about whether the United States would join Israel's bombardment of Iranian nuclear facilities.  Guardian council warns US of 'harsh response A key Iranian body warned the United States on Thursday that any intervention in support of its ally Israel would be met with a "harsh response". "The criminal American government and its stupid president must know for sure that if they make a mistake and take action against Islamic Iran, they will face a harsh response from the Islamic Republic of Iran," the Guardian Council said in a statement carried by state television.  Google News LinkFor all latest news, follow The Daily Star's Google News channel. A week of Israeli air and missile strikes against its major rival has wiped out the top echelon of Iran's military command, damaged its nuclear capabilities and killed hundreds of people, while Iranian retaliatory strikes have killed two dozen civilians in Israel.  Guardian council warns US of 'harsh response' if it intervenes. A key Iranian body warned the United States on Thursday that any intervention in support of its ally Israel would be met with a "harsh response". "The criminal American government and its stupid president must know for sure that if they make a mistake and take action against Islamic Iran, they will face a harsh response from the Islamic Republic of Iran," the Guardian Council said in a statement carried by state television.
The U.S. Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling on Monday, declaring that former presidents are entitled to partial immunity from criminal prosecution for actions taken while in office. The 6-3 decision, split along ideological lines, has triggered intense political and legal debate across the country. The ruling stems from charges brought against former President Donald Trump, who has faced multiple indictments related to alleged interference in the 2020 presidential election and events surrounding the January 6 Capitol riot. The Courtâs decision now makes it more difficult for prosecutors to pursue charges for actions deemed as part of a president's official duties. Heatwave Grips U.S. South and Midwest, Breaking Temperature Records   Data Table Price Total 1200 1200 Ata Moyda Demographic Data District Population Percentage Noakhali 31,000,00 5% Cumilla 35,000,00 5.5% Divided Reactions President Joe Biden responded to the ruling by calling it a âdangerous precedentâ that could place future presidents above the law. âNo one in America should be beyond accountability,â he said during a press conference. Republican leaders, however, welcomed the decision. House Speaker Steve Scalise stated, âThis ruling upholds the constitutional separation of powers and protects the office of the presidency from political attacks.â What the Ruling Means The Court ruled that while presidents do not have absolute immunity, they are shielded from criminal prosecution for actions that are âwithin the outer perimeter of official presidential responsibilities.â However, personal or unofficial actions remain subject to prosecution. Legal experts say the ruling could delay several of Trumpâs ongoing legal cases, potentially impacting the 2024 election season, where Trump remains the leading Republican contender. Public Response Protests erupted in major cities including New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, with citizens expressing fears that the decision could weaken American democracy. On social media, the hashtag #NoOneAboveTheLaw trended nationwide.
Shariful Islam, the second son of Mr. Md. Aziullah of Dighir Dakshin Par, Lakshmidhar Para, has successfully completed his MBBS examinations at Chandpur Government Medical College (CHMC). His achievement has brought immense joy and pride to his family, relatives, and the local community. His dedication, perseverance, and hard work in pursuing medical education have earned him warm congratulations and heartfelt best wishes from well-wishers. Â Dr. Shariful Islamâs achievement marks an important milestone in his personal and academic journey. His success is also expected to inspire the younger generation of Lakshmidhar Para to pursue their educational goals with determination and confidence. Completing medical education opens a new chapter in his professional life, offering him the opportunity to contribute to society through healthcare and humanitarian service. Â On this occasion, Lakshmidhar Para Unity Forum (LPUF) has extended its sincere congratulations and best wishes to Dr. Shariful Islam. The organization has expressed its hopes for his continued success and a bright professional future. It also wishes for him to uphold the values of honesty, professional competence, dedication, and compassion as he moves forward in his medical career. Â Medical practice is not merely a profession; it is a noble responsibility that involves caring for people, protecting lives, and serving humanity. Dr. Shariful Islam is expected to use his knowledge and skills to support patients, contribute to public well-being, and provide compassionate care to those in need. His well-wishers hope that he will become a responsible, skilled, and humane physician who makes a meaningful contribution to society. Â Lakshmidhar Para Unity Forum (LPUF) has prayed for Allahâs blessings upon Dr. Shariful Islam, wishing him wisdom, integrity, and success throughout his career. The organization also hopes that he will have the opportunity to serve the country and its people with dedication and compassion. His achievement stands as a proud moment for his family and the community, and he is wished a bright future filled with success and meaningful service to humanity.
Lakshmidhar Para Dighi, located in Ramganj Upazila of Lakshmipur district, is a historic waterbody associated with centuries of local tradition, natural beauty, and zamindari-era memories. According to local residents, the dighi is believed to be around 400 years old, making it an important part of the area's cultural heritage. Â Local folklore suggests that the dighi was excavated during the Mughal period under the initiative of regional zamindars. The story of the âTwenty-Two Brothersâ and accounts of a former resting place known as the âHawakhanÄâ have added to its historical appeal. However, the exact construction date and these historical connections require further verification through reliable documents and research. Â Beyond its historical associations, Lakshmidhar Para Dighi remains a familiar landmark for the local community. Its expansive waters and surrounding environment contribute to its appeal, while its stories reflect the area's rich cultural traditions. Â Proper conservation, environmental protection, and historical research could help preserve the dighi for future generations. With coordinated efforts from local residents, community organizations, and relevant authorities, Lakshmidhar Para Dighi has the potential to become a recognized heritage attraction in Ramganj.